The four main permits at a glance
| Permit | What it is | Typical situation |
|---|---|---|
| L | Short-term residence permit | Fixed-term work contracts or stays usually under one year |
| B | Residence permit | Longer-term stays, for example an open-ended work contract |
| C | Settlement permit | Granted after several years of residence; no fixed end date |
| G | Cross-border commuter permit | You work in Switzerland but live in a neighbouring country |
The exact duration, renewal rules and conditions depend on your nationality, your situation and the canton. Always check the current rules with your canton's migration office.
EU/EFTA citizens vs other nationals
Citizens of EU and EFTA countries benefit from the agreement on the free movement of persons. In general terms, this makes it simpler to get a permit when you have a job or enough means and health insurance in Switzerland.
For nationals of other countries, the rules are stricter. Work permits are usually linked to quotas, qualifications and proof that the employer could not find a suitable candidate in Switzerland or the EU/EFTA. Processing can take longer, so start early.
- EU/EFTA: usually registration-based once you have a job or sufficient means.
- Non-EU/EFTA: usually an approval process before you start work.
- Family members can often join you, but conditions differ by permit and nationality.
Who requests the permit
For employees, the employer often starts the process, especially for non-EU/EFTA nationals. After arrival, you register at your commune (municipality), which passes your details to the cantonal migration office. You may then be asked for biometric data (photo and fingerprints) before the permit card is issued.
What happens after arrival
- Register at your commune within the deadline set by your canton, usually within a few days to two weeks.
- Bring your passport, work contract, rental contract and photos if requested.
- Arrange basic health insurance within three months of taking up residence.
- Keep an eye on letters from the migration office: they often contain deadlines.
- Report changes such as a new address or new employer.
Diplomats and international organisation staff
Diplomats and staff of international organisations usually do not receive an L, B, C or G permit. Instead, they receive a legitimation card issued by the Federal Department of Foreign Affairs (FDFA). The process normally runs through the mission or organisation, and different rules apply to family members, insurance and registration. Check the details with your employer's protocol or HR service.
Common mistakes to avoid
- Starting work before the permit is approved (for non-EU/EFTA nationals).
- Missing the commune registration deadline.
- Letting the permit expire without requesting a renewal in time.
- Forgetting to deregister when you leave Switzerland.
Frequently asked questions
What is the difference between a B and an L permit?
An L permit is a short-term residence permit, usually for stays under one year. A B permit is a residence permit for longer stays. Exact conditions depend on your nationality and canton.
When can I get a C permit?
A C permit is a settlement permit granted after several years of residence. The waiting period and conditions depend on your nationality and integration criteria; check the current rules with your canton.
Do diplomats need a Swiss permit?
Diplomats and international organisation staff usually receive an FDFA legitimation card instead of an L, B, C or G permit.
Who applies for my work permit?
For employees, the employer often starts the process. After arrival you register at your commune, which forwards your details to the cantonal migration office.
General information, not legal or tax advice. Rules can vary by canton.